You can use Gmail on iPhone by adding your Gmail Account to the Mail App and also by downloading and installing the dedicated Gmail App on your iPhone.
Adding your Gmail Account to the native Mail App on iPhone allows you to send & receive emails from within the Mail App, without the need to login to your Gmail Account.
Downloading and installing the Gmail App, allows you to experience the familiar Gmail interface on iPhone and it also provides benefits like New Message Notifications, Grouped Messages and certain other features.
Related: How to Remove Gmail Account from iPhone.
Use Gmail on iPhone
You can find below the steps to use Gmail on iPhone by adding Gmail Account to iPhone and also by installing the dedicated Gmail App on your Apple device.
As mentioned above, the first method allows you use Gmail from within the native Mail App on iPhone, without the need to download and install an additional app.
You can go for the second option, if you prefer using Gmail with its familiar interface and want to make use of additional features that are present in the dedicated Gmail App.
1. Add Gmail Account to Mail App on iPhone
All that is required to use Gmail within the Mail App on iPhone is to add your Gmail Account to iPhone using the following steps.
1. Go to Settings > Apps > scroll down and tap on Mail.
2. From the Mail screen, go to Mail Accounts > tap on Add Account.

3. On the next screens, enter your Gmail Account, Password and tap on Next.
4. On the next screen, move the Mail slider to ON position and tap on Save.

Note: You can also toggle Calendars and Notes, if you want these items to Sync to your Gmail Account.
5. On the pop-up, select Keep on My iPhone option and tap on Save.
Note: If you have enabled 2-factor authentication, you may have to go through additional steps.
After adding your Gmail Account, open Mail App and you will find all your Gmail Messages in the Mailbox in Gmail Folder.

2. Use Gmail App on iPhone
As mentioned above, you can also use Gmail on iPhone by downloading & Installing the iOS version of Gmail App on your iPhone.
1. Open the App Store on your iPhone > Download and Install the Gmail App on your device.
2. Once the App is installed, open the Gmail App on your iPhone.
3. On the next screen, enter your Gmail ID and Password to Sign-in to your Gmail Account.
Once you are logged-in to Gmail Account, you will see the familiar Gmail interface that you are used to seeing on the desktop version of Gmail.
Note: Gmail App pulls all your settings and information from your regular Gmail Account online.